Climate change impacts and efficient adaptation options in the Bolivian agriculture : from crop models to integrated assessments

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dc.contributor.advisor Giupponi, Carlo
dc.contributor.advisor Mendelsohn, Robert
dc.contributor.author Viscarra Riveros, Federico Ernesto <1982> it_IT
dc.date.accessioned 2014-03-15T10:58:47Z
dc.date.available 2014-03-15T10:58:47Z
dc.date.issued 2014-01-20
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3966
dc.description.abstract The agricultural sector could be one of the most vulnerable economic sectors to climate change impacts during the coming decades. These impacts are related to change in the growth period, agricultural yields, extreme weather events, change in temperature and precipitation patterns, among others. All these impacts will have consequences on the agricultural production. Given the lack of substantial studies for climate change impacts on agriculture in Bolivia, the thesis dissertation develops an analysis and quantification of climatic change impacts and adaptation options using different model techniques, both, bottom-up and top-down, and in the last chapter an integrated assessment is developed. Crop model results obtained at a local scale, are inside the range of previous studies made on larger scales for Latin America and the whole World. On the other hand, the response functions developed by using regression techniques show crop yields with a very high level of accuracy with those of crop models. What is more, when using crop models for adaptation analysis, simulation results show that crop models are sensitive enough to detect optimal changes for different scenarios, and the Cost-Benefit analysis results confirm that changing the planting date is a very feasible and low-cost adaptation measure to face climate change effects. Finally, the Integrated model results show that microeconomic and macroeconomic policies applied together can lead to sustainable development, thus increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and per capita income and reducing deforestation rates at the same time, and the identified forest conservation social cost is a good starting point for PES and REDD+ negotiation schemes in the context of Global Climate Change Agreements. it_IT
dc.description.abstract Il settore agricolo potrebbe rivelarsi nelle prossime decadi uno dei settori economici più vulnerabili agli impatti dei cambiamenti climatici. Questi impatti possono riguardare il periodo di crescita, le rese colturali, gli eventi meteorologici estremi, le variazioni di temperature e la distribuzione delle piogge. Tutti questi impatti avranno conseguenze sulle produzioni agricole. Considerata la mancanza di studi rilevanti sugli impatti dei cambiamenti climatici sull’agricoltura in Bolivia, la tesi discute lo sviluppo di un’analisi ed una valutazione degli impatti dei cambiamenti climatici e delle opzioni di adattamento utilizzando differenti modelli, sia con approccio bottom-up (dal basso verso l’alto) che top-down (dall’alto verso il basso), e, nell’ultimo capitolo, viene poi sviluppata una valutazione integrata. I risultati ottenuti con i modelli colturali su scala locale, sono comparabili con quelli ottenuti in precedenti studi effettuati su più larga scala sia per L’America Latina che a livello mondiale. Inoltre le funzioni di risposta sviluppate con tecniche di regressione mostrano rese colturali con elevati livelli di accuratezza rispetto a quelle ottenute con i modelli colturali. Per di più, quando si utilizzano modelli colturali per l'analisi di adattamento, i risultati delle simulazioni mostrano che i modelli colturali sono abbastanza sensibili nel rilevare le variazioni ottimali per i differenti scenari e i risultati dell’analisi Costi-Benefici confermano che la variazione della data di semina è una misura di adattamento facilmente attuabile e poco costosa per affrontare gli effetti del cambiamento climatico. Infine, i risultati del modello integrato mostrano che le politiche microeconomiche e macroeconomiche applicate assieme possono portare ad uno sviluppo sostenibile, aumentando così il Prodotto Interno Lordo (PIL) e il reddito pro capite, riducendo i tassi di deforestazione e, allo stesso tempo, il costo sociale di conservazione identificato si rivela un buon punto di partenza per sistemi di negoziazione PES e REDD+ nel contesto degli accordi globali sul cambiamento climatico. it_IT
dc.language.iso eng it_IT
dc.publisher Università Ca' Foscari Venezia it
dc.rights © Federico Viscarra, 2014 it_IT
dc.subject Climate change it_IT
dc.subject Agriculture it_IT
dc.subject Adaptation it_IT
dc.subject Sustainable development it_IT
dc.subject Economic modelling it_IT
dc.title Climate change impacts and efficient adaptation options in the Bolivian agriculture : from crop models to integrated assessments it_IT
dc.type Doctoral Thesis en
dc.degree.name Scienza e gestione dei cambiamenti climatici it_IT
dc.degree.level Dottorato di ricerca it
dc.degree.grantor Scuola dottorale interateneo Global change science and policy it_IT
dc.description.academicyear 2014 it_IT
dc.description.cycle 26 it_IT
dc.degree.coordinator Barbante, Carlo
dc.location.shelfmark D001300 it
dc.location Venezia, Archivio Università Ca' Foscari, Tesi Dottorato it
dc.rights.accessrights openAccess it_IT
dc.thesis.matricno 955827 it_IT
dc.format.pagenumber 133 p. : ill. it_IT
dc.subject.miur AGR/01 ECONOMIA ED ESTIMO RURALE it_IT
dc.subject.miur AGR/02 AGRONOMIA E COLTIVAZIONI ERBACEE it_IT
dc.subject.miur SECS-P/06 ECONOMIA APPLICATA it_IT
dc.description.tableofcontent General Introduction 9 Objectives and Contribution of the Thesis 11 Chapter 1: Understanding Climate Change and Carbon Dioxide Effects in Agriculture: Soybeans and Maize in the Bolivian Lowlands 13 Abstract 13 Keywords 13 1. Introduction 13 1.1 Climate – Crop Interactions 14 1.1.1 Temperature Effects 14 1.1.2 Water Availability 14 1.1.3 Wind Effects 15 1.1.4 Photosynthetically Active Radiation 15 1.1.5 Elevated CO2 Effects 16 2. Material and Methods 17 2.1 CERES and CROPGRO series of crop models 17 2.2 CERES and CROPGRO Models Applied for Bolivian Conditions 18 2.2.1 Calibration 18 2.2.2 Validation 19 2.3 Study Zones for Impact Analysis 21 2.4 IPCC’s Emission Scenarios 23 3. Results and Discussion 26 3.1 Temperature, precipitation and solar radiation impacts 26 3.2 Carbon Fertilization and Climate Impacts 28 4. Conclusions 30 References 31 Chapter 2: Crop Yields in Bolivia: From Crop Models to Response Functions for Impact Analysis 35 Abstract 35 Keywords 35 1. Introduction 35 2. Methods 37 2.1 Selection Criteria 39 3. Results 41 4. Conclusions 48 References 48 Chapter 3: Efficient Adaptation in the Bolivian Agriculture from a Bottom – Up Approach 50 Abstract 50 Keywords 50 1. Introduction 50 2. Methods 51 2.1 Production Zones 51 2.2 Baseline and Climate Change Weather Indicators 52 3. Results 55 3.1 Baseline Yields 55 3.2 A2 and B2 Climate Change Yields 58 3.3 Cost – Benefit Analysis 62 4. Conclusions 66 References 67 Chapter 4: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in the Bolivian Agriculture: Linking Micro and Macroeconomic Policies for Sustainable Development 71 Abstract 71 Keywords 71 1. Introduction 72 2. Agriculture and Deforestation in Bolivia: Historic and Institutional Framework 74 2.1 Bolivian Forest Cover Variation in the Global Context 74 2.2 Historical evolution of deforestation in Bolivia 75 2.3 Economic Policies, Markets and Deforestation 77 2.4 Complementary Policies on Natural Resources 79 3. Methodology 80 3.1 Computable General Equilibrium Models (CGE) 80 3.2 Agriculture Dynamics and Deforestation in the CGE 83 3.3 Conceptual Structure 84 3.4 Mathematical Specification 88 4. CGE Data, Calibration and Validation 94 4.1 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) 94 4.2 Elasticities 96 4.3 Factor Employment 96 4.4 Dynamic Simulation Data 97 4.5 CGE Model Calibration 98 4.6 CGE Model Validation for the Baseline 99 5. Scenarios Results 100 5.1 Climate Change Impacts 100 5.2 Microeconomic Policies (Adaptation Measures) 103 5.3 Micro and Macroeconomic Climate Policy Mainstreaming for Sustainable Development 106 5.4 Estimated Forest Conservation Social Costs 111 6. Conclusions and Recommendations 112 References 114 APPENDIX A: CGE Model Specification 118 APPENDIX B: Social Accounting Matrix for Bolivia (2000) 129 APPENDIX C: Solver Solution in GAMS 130 APPENDIX D: Model Simulation Results for the Baseline 131 it_IT
dc.identifier.bibliographiccitation Viscarra, Federico. "Climate Change Impacts and Efficient Adaptation Options in the Bolivian Agriculture: From Crop Models to Integrated Assessments", Ca' Foscari University of Venice, PhD tesi, 26. cycle, 2014 it_IT


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