Le rimesse e il ruolo dei migranti come partner dello sviluppo:il caso della Romania.

Abstract

International migration flows represent one of the main factors of socio-economic changes all over the world. Nowadays, contribution of migrants to a country’s economy is of the greatest importance. This research aims to analyze the role of migrants as actors of development in their home countries through the study of the phenomena of remittances. Indeed, remittances have a large positive effect on national income in many developing countries. In particular, in economies where the financial system is underdeveloped, remittances appear to alleviate credit constraints and may lead to economic growth. This work is divided in three main chapters. In particular, chapters 1 and 2 analyze remittances from a general and theoretical point of view. On the other hand, the last chapter conducts an empirical study of the situation of Romania through the analysis of some questionnaire administered to a group of Romanian people inhabitant the Venice province. First of all, chapter 1 focus on the microeconomics and macroeconomics determinants of remittances to provide a good analysis of the cultural and economic aspects involving migration decision. In fact, migrant’s choice to leave could be originated from several reasons; it can be induced by pushing factors inside the home country as the economic situation or by factors of attraction towards another country as wage difference. Generally, migrants who leave are led by the desire to improve their economic and social position. Moreover, according to the relationship of the migrant with his family, the amount and frequency of remittances transfer could differ. Despite the most common form of remittances is the individual one which provides basic necessities for the family, the forms of remittances that most interest factors of co-development are entrepreneurial and collective ones. The study of the several channels through which the flow of remittances passes, represents the central element to have control of these resources. Nevertheless, it represents one of the major problem in data collection. In particular, is important to analyze the different factors that affect the choice of a formal channel rather than a informal one. The second chapter examine the effects of remittances on the home country. In particular, the different forms of national and international co-operations are analyzed by investigating the agreements with national and international institutions. Moreover, is considered how migrants could become actors of development for the country through activities of entrepreneurship or collective funds. Finally, the last part of this work analyze the situation of Romanian migrants in Italy focusing on Venice province. The decision to direct the attention to Romanian migrants arise from the awareness of their strong presence in the Northeast of Italy and because they appear in the European scene as the community more inclined to internal intercommunity mobility.