Il fenomeno delle migrazioni: da libera scelta a necessità di fuga. Sviluppi e conseguenze dei flussi migratori in Italia.

Abstract

Migration is a global phenomenon, universally recognized as a contemporary issue affecting the international community as a whole. Numerous scholars have implemented massive studies in order to grab a concrete knowledge of migration flows with the aim of depicting the way they shape societies and the way they change the structure of countries. The focus presented in this paper is on Italy –in its close relationship with Europe- as an important land of migrants because of its strategic position in the Mediterranean Sea. The landing of new masses of migrants in Italy - such as people coming from the Middle East countries-show how war in a globalized world can have fatal implications on a global scale. Moreover, in a more and more connected world where people move across countries, the analysis on migrations shifts on what it really means to be a stranger and to what extent identities change when migration becomes the only option of life. A consequence of migration is the philosophical-political debate about citizenship. In Italy, the main discussion is on the confrontation between jus sanguinis and jus soli. The analysis arises taking into account the latest policies on this issue and the non-refoulement principle. In order to have a global look, the last focus is on migrations as escape from war, thus creating the differences between a normal migrant and a refugee.