Present and Future Bio Cultural Diversity risks from Fossil Fuel Exploration in Sindh Pakistan

Abstract

This study examines biocultural diversity hazards from fossil fuel exploitation in Sindh Province, Pakistan. The goal of study is to identify current and future risks, analyze ecological, social, and economic implications, propose mitigation solutions, and evaluate regulatory frameworks. The independent factors include exploratory activity, climate change, and regulations. Based on the reflection provided by local inhabitants, the study examines biocultural diversity dangers, ecological changes, social upheavals, and economic effects. Exploration-related habitat damage and contamination threaten plant and animal populations. Social displacement, disturbance of traditional customs, and cultural heritage site loss occur. Impacts on agriculture and livelihoods suggest economic instability. The research offers a mitigation method, but respondents recommend sustainable habits, renewable energy, local community involvement, stringent legislation, and cleaner technologies. These findings require government, industry, specialists, and indigenous groups to work together to mitigate risks and ensure sustainability. The study also questions whether current regulatory systems protect local biodiversity. It stresses the importance of reviewing these framework measures, monitoring, enforcement, and overall effectiveness in protecting Sindh Province's complex biocultural variety. This study illuminates the difficult relationship between fossil fuel development and biocultural diversity hazards, suggesting remedies and emphasizing the need for regulatory reform to conserve the region's biodiversity and cultural legacy.