The rise and the fall of betel nut culture in Taiwan

Abstract

Betel nuts are widely distributed fruit in Asia and known for their stimulating properties and the dependency they can generate, similar to substances such as caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco. Divided into three chapters, the research begins with a thorough overview of the plant itself, delving into its geographical distribution in Asia and highlighting the chemical compounds responsible for addiction, along with exposing the health risks associated with its consumption. The second chapter immerses into the world of betel nut culture in Taiwan. From the Dutch occupation to its boom during the economic growth, we will analyze the significance of the fruit for Taiwanese indigenous populations, examining the various roles betel nuts play in cultural rituals. Through the analysis, we will explore health risks, particularly mouth cancer, and outline government campaigns to raise awareness among the population, along with incentives for farmers opting for alternative crops to the Areca palm. The third and final chapter delves into the phenomenon of Taiwanese “betel nut beauties”. These young women are known for selling the fruit in shops, especially along the streets, wearing bold and provocative attire to attract customers. Over time, these girls have sparked controversies due to their clothing choices and stereotypical representations of femininity in the public sphere. To explore this aspect, we will analyze the context from a feminist perspective through the analysis of Professor Josephine Ho. Finally, we will interview Tobie Openshaw, who has dedicated over a decade to studying this unique phenomenon, providing a reevaluation of the reputation of these girls. From this perspective, it will emerge that the culture, while progressively fading over time, has not completely disappeared. The growing awareness of health issues related to betel nut consumption, even among indigenous communities that once made them a distinctive welcome symbol, has contributed to this evolution underlying the transformation of the socio-cultural context.