Waste management in Azerbaijan and future developments

Abstract

Waste management has an important place in sustainable development. Waste management aims to see waste as a resource, not as a garbage. It foresees studies to prevent waste before it occurs, and to reduce it if it cannot be prevented. It aims to reuse and, if possible, recycle the resulting waste. It aims to gain energy from these wastes before disposal, which is the last stage. While an environmental gain is achieved by reducing the amount of waste to be generated with this waste policy, economic gains are obtained with energy and savings (with reuse, recycling and energy recovery activities) that provide social gains in terms of all living things and the continuity of the world. It successfully implements waste management in the world, especially in European Countries such as Sweden and the Netherlands. In developed and developing countries including Azerbaijan, it is very important to process waste, study and optimize the impact on the environment, using of waste disposal technology, technological and environmental assessment of waste, recycling, the possibility of using it as raw material. The constant growth of the world's population and, as a result, the spontaneous or deliberate release of waste into the environment makes their assessment and complex processing even more urgent. If the waste is not treated properly, if the proper landfill technology is not applied, the infections that occur during the decay process will destroy living organisms. Unfortunately, I must say that the lack of ecological culture, which is currently accumulated in the environment in Azerbaijan, is obvious. However, a strategic action plan has been in place since 2008. From the point of view of solving such problems, the assessment of waste, including municipal waste, is a very important area. Because it is known that waste management is a new field in Azerbaijan, and if properly organized, Azerbaijan will have a share in the raw materials market of the recycling business. The theoretical basis of the research will be the materials of local and foreign literature, scientific articles, scientific conferences and symposiums on modern waste management. In addition, it should be noted that the writing of the thesis will take into account the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on industrial and domestic waste and the decrees of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on improving the environment. Municipal wastes generated in public facilities such as households, municipalities, commercial establishments and public catering establishments are the object of research. The subject is the correct assessment of waste from a technological and environmental point of view, the creation of raw materials for the recycling business, the study of processing processes from an economic and social point of view, the study of priority areas. Since the analysis of the dissertation is of a research nature, it will be carried out on the basis of a systematic approach and comparison method by studying certain statistical indicators and using comparisons of world experience in this field. The aim of this study is to reveal all aspects of waste management practices in Azerbaijan. Ways of waste generation, sources of formation, negative impact on the environment will be studied in a comprehensive way, and the forecast of possible adverse events will be analyzed. The state of waste processing in Azerbaijan will be studied, technological, economic and ecological assessment of world experience will be studied and priority areas will be developed. The research question of the thesis is the following: Are there appropriate waste management implementations in Azerbaijan and in which level are these implementations in comparison to world practices?