EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE; ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS.

Abstract

In recent years we have all become aware of the fact that the climate is changing, an indisputable fact is that of the average global temperature, which has been growing for more than a hundred years. More and more frequently we are witnessing extreme events scattered all over the planet, to name a few, hurricanes in the United States, in the Philippines, droughts in Iraq, California or Brazil, incessant rains that involve significant damage, especially in France and Italy. Due to the drought, enormous damage to agricultural production has also been detected in the south of the United States, Russia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the increase in global average temperatures is also affecting glaciers, whose surface area has been reduced by 75% in ten years. Other events that have indelibly marked world stability in recent years have also been hurricanes, especially Hurricane Sandy in 2012 in New Jersey which destroyed in a few hours 9% of the GDP of that state and 4.5% of the GDP of the state of New York. But why is the climate changing? How could we act to control (at least partially) and make these phenomena "marginal"? How to reduce the cave of resources, which almost daily affects each of us? How can we make up for inequalities? The cause of this change can be said to be mainly the action of man, from the consumption of fossil energy to the irrational use of the soil, from the devastation and destruction of forests to the excess of urbanization. An action that began several years ago and is difficult today to contain. The change we are having today in terms of the environment could lead, tomorrow, to much more serious and complex economic damage, to be managed and contained, much more significant even than those of a possible economic crisis, with related problems related to unemployment, pension management and the monetary crisis. It is the climate itself that guarantee the stability of the economic systems we have and when this stability was to fail, everything would collapse. It is therefore our duty to ask ourselves: how can we limit climate change? The answer probably lies in the economic decisions that are taken daily, both at state, national, community, world, and individual and subjective level (therefore linked to the particularity of each of us), in investment decisions (for example with reference to also to the energy sector), in infrastructure policies, in models of sustainable development and in all those choices that can stem the ongoing climate change. To act in this way to safeguard ourselves in the first place, and the human species, but also future generations, the animal and plant species that currently exist, and our planet. It is necessary to emphasize the need to change our consumption behaviors, production systems, we must try to reduce as much as possible the emissions of any type of harmful substance that increases the greenhouse effect, (one of the main causes of the current climate situation), but not only at an individual level, also collectively. This enterprise, today not too easy to implement, especially with reference to the habits and the system in which we live, which over the years we have matured and consolidated. It is much easier to invest with a view to mere profit without considering the "environment and protection" factor, rather than weighing all the investments or our actions according to what could be the consequences at the environmental level. Chapter 1: a general and scientific analysis of climate change is proposed in this chapter. Chapter 2: this chapter provides an analysis of existing legislation on the "environment"